HR information system Essay

Human asset Management is a key piece of an association. The utilization of innovation for the headway of human asset the board has risen broadly from the most recent decade. In today’s associations innovation enormously impacts the administrative procedures and strategies in the HR office. Data Technology has substantiated itself valuable in each zone of human life. It is gotten basic for associations around the globe to utilize cutting edge innovation in divisions of improvement, upkeep enrollment and different others. The enormous scope of uses gave by IT have gotten imperative for any activity and have substantiated themselves a quality improving and efficient need for the associations craving advancement and achievement. In the HR the board, innovation isn't just answerable for bringing positive changes yet it has additionally brought various issues and difficulties for associations. The most significant test that an organization faces during the time spent receiving and executing these advancements is the rebuilding of the HR modules. It is significant for the successful working of the innovations to be lined up with the HR capacities. The formation of a right administration air is significant for the presence of fruitful and true associations. The exploration includes the difficulties and issues that come in the way of associations while inferring IT methods on HR capacities. Examination Question How does its usage impact the human asset the board and what focal points or hindrances an association faces when applying projects, for example, SAP? Point The point of this exploration is to decide the utilization of data frameworks so as to incorporate Information Technology in Human Resource capacities and furthermore to diagram the job of programming programs to be specific SAP in human asset the executives and how it is successful in achieving this merger among innovation and different Human Resource zones. Destinations to Achieve the Aim 1. To layout the significance of presenting Information Technology in Human Resources. 2. To talk about how Information Technology influences the advancement of human asset the executives. 3. To depict the job that SAP plays in actualizing innovation in HR. 4. To clarify the procedures by which SAP programming impacts the Human Resource elements of an association. 5. To figure out what are the viewpoints which guarantee the accomplishment of the usage of Information Technology methods in Human Resource Management. 6. To audit the advantages and disadvantages that accompanies the presentation of data frameworks in HR. 7. To decide the elements of Information Technology inside an association. 8. To recognize the idea of difficulties and issues that can come in result of applying Information Technology methods across Human asset capacities. 9. To concentrate how by the assistance of a few procedures and strategies Human Resources can sidestep these issues and difficulties. 10. To sum up how compelling is a merger between human asset and data innovation to an organization’s improvement. Foundation of Research The exploration depends on the way that what amount cutting edge innovation has become a significant piece of the business world in present day times. It isn't workable for associations to work appropriately in any office without the help of Information Technology and the instruments it gives. Manual techniques for the executives procedures and exchanges in firms are quick kicking the bucket and being supplanted by quicker and surer strategies for accomplishing different errands that are required to be finished. The old methods can't contend in today’s quick paced world and each establishment ought to be prepared to make the changes and acknowledge the progressions that are brought upon their executions. They have to recruit representatives who are effective in innovative tasks or acquainted with the propelled gear and take help from IT related trainingâ courses like SAP to make their workers mindful of the headways made in the procedures of dealing with each angle in an organization and making them capable in acquiring those techniques their training to improve the company’s measures and lift its development. Associations which don't exploit from this influx of innovation and don't figure out how to adjust on it make certain to be lowered in the developing pace of the utilization of innovation. The Human Resource office has additionally not lingered behind in this mechanical headway long distance race. Most associations have been utilizing one structure or other of Human Resource data framework in the course of the most recent decade. In an exploration directed in 2002 it has been discovered that 70% of the associations in Europe use Internet or Intranet to give Human Resource administrations to workers. Studies done in the United Kingdom alone in 2005 by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development uncovered that seventy seven percent of organizations use HRIS. In a comparative exploration done by Cranfield School of Management in 2003 it discovered a much higher number of organizations, at eighty two percent, that utilization HRIS. A human asset data framework can give different exhibitions extending from the basic stockpiling of information and correspondence of data to the ensnared procedure of exchanges. With the progression of innovation the capacities gave by HRIS have expanded and upgraded. HRIS is structured and improved to be helpful to the elements of Human Resources, line supervisors, and the whole association all in all. On the off chance that a general investigation is managed without inclination the utilization of Information Technology has a greater number of favorable circumstances than issues. It has brought speed, exactness, proficiency and less odds of destructions in organization forms and in particular has gotten a lessening HR costs. It has additionally made conceivable to make Human Resource data accessible to directors and representatives, empowering them to perform straightforward human Resource errands themselves. The execution of HRIS so as to chop down the cost paces of an organization to reduce the weight of exchange and organization on Human Resource capacities can prompt a change in the constitution of HR and permit the capacity to likewise have a key impact in the organization. There can be different reasons because of which an organization acquaints HRIS with impact its capacities, for example, the need to carry improvement to organization forms or diminish cost to get advancemen ts correspondence and the development of client administrations. Reason of the examination This examination has been done to layout in detail to show how the progression of innovation has influenced Human Resources. It has increased expectations of enrollment, preparing, information stockpiling and recovery and execution the board. Before the HR enlisting groups needed to depend on the print material, in particular papers, to post promotions about employments get candidates for places that should be filled. More techniques like systems administration were additionally utilized however that forestalled the human asset spotters to post occupations on various areas and furthermore there was no strategy to make the promotions obvious to a large number of individuals. Innovation has made the strategy for enlistment increasingly adequate and has an a lot more prominent effect on HR than the old procedures. Preparing strategies have additionally improved because of innovation. In the previous years there was were no approaches to come in contact of organization data and preparing programs from far way areas. The preparation of HR laborers in virtual study halls empowers mentors to prepare bigger quantities of individuals than previously. Information stockpiling and recovery has likewise had a constructive outcome by the mechanical advances. The virtual records are all the more effectively open and adaptable in issues of changing information as indicated by the desire of the HR experts. It has gotten simple to screen the presentation of workers and furthermore to get input from the representatives for the advancement of the association. Writing Review Emma Parry (2010) decides in the Benefits of innovation in Human Resources Management that the utilization of innovation has developed significantly over the most recent couple of years in the Human Resource office. She improves how the capacities and exhibitions in the Human asset have outfit in view of the presentation of HRIM. It prompts take Human asset the executives to an unheard of level. It permits it to develop with a key job after the usage of HRIM. Johnson and Gueuta (2011) states in Transforming HR through Technology that HR is turning into a more innovation based pr0ofession throughout the years. In many organizations individuals consider Human Resources division more as an entry than an individual. As indicated by the ongoing investigates it has been resolved that organizations who appropriately utilize the innovations gave by Human Resources are far effective and progressed than the ones who don’t. Julie Bulmash (2012) portrays Human Resource innovation has progressed over the previous decade and examines the significance of innovation on the job of human Resource experts. What's more, how would they make the capacity of Human Resources substantially more effective, smooth and fast. System: Technique alludes to the strategies for gathering information that have been utilized in the exploration. Here it will be quickly clarified what sort of information gathering strategies have been applied and the explanation for picking that kind of strategy. This examination will utilize the subjective exploration techniques for the assortment of information. Information assortment Methods To utilize the subjective examination approach the poll strategy for information assortment has been picked. A poll has been made in that strategy so as to gather information by furnishing the representative with a survey and heshe are asked to answer the inquiries given. The inquiries can be various decisions or open finished inquiries. They choose how precisely the investigation of employment should be possible. This methodology is very viable in light of the fact that individuals would cautiously to place anything in wr

Research Methods for Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Methods for Business - Assignment Example The first and the principal problem of the exploration procedure is that it is extravagant. It requires a ton of exertion to gather the perspectives on the objectives and henceforth devours a great deal of cash also. With regards to an example, whenever chose cautiously, it is to an extremely enormous degree a genuine portrayal of the populace. Furthermore, since the example size is littler than the size of the populace, it costs considerably less to accumulate information from the example. Along these lines, inspecting is very cost-productive when contrasted with the whole populace. Work is another factor that prompts the utilization of examining methodology. A lot of work should be locked in while leading an examination. This work power is over the top expensive to utilize and it requires some investment too so as to choose the best individuals to play out the assignment. Therefore, the bigger the example size, the more the work required and the more would be the time and funds expended. Along these lines, it is smarter to utilize an example rather than the whole populace so as to limit the expense and exertion. Time is one of the most significant elements when settling on any choice with respect to the exploration strategies and procedures. Despite the fact that there are numerous explanations behind an opportunity to be a critical factor, notwithstanding, the most significant explanation is that he looks into are generally exceptionally time delicate, for example they will in general terminate with time or so to state, the discoveries of the exploration will in general immediately become outdated as the time passes and the inclinations of the respondents change with changes in the general public and the economy. Subsequently, the exploration probably won't stay substantial when it is finished.â

Using High School 2020 Essay Samples To Create Effective College And High School Essays

Using High School 2020 Essay Samples To Create Effective College And High School EssaysHigh School 2020 Essay Samples are a great resource for college students, professionals and anyone looking to use an essay as a means of expressing their opinions. This sample provides students with the tips and tricks they need to write effective essays in a short amount of time.These high school essay samples include examples of how to write a strong, persuasive essay. Students can use these samples as a guideline for their own essays, and learn what type of questions and essays will be most helpful in determining their grade. The essays focus on key concepts and points that are pertinent to a student's academic performance.The samples include examples from both individuals who have already mastered college level English writing and students who are learning the basics of writing. The topics are based around the same topics that are commonly used by high school students who are preparing for a te st. Some examples include: essay writing, college essay writing, and writing an essay based on question and answer format. Other examples include: essay writing about culture, writing an essay about an interest or hobby, and writing an essay based on family and friends.Some students may be intimidated by the prospect of writing an essay. High School 2020 Essay Samples will help them learn the proper techniques for writing a well-written essay. These sample essays also illustrate how important it is to list all of the points and information that will be discussed in the essay. It is always a good idea to include a direct quote from another source that the reader can trust, so it will not be hard to find in the essay itself.It is also important to take the time to understand how to proofread and edit a paper so that it is grammatically correct and fully functional, and it includes all of the necessary details for the student's research skills. Additionally, the essays provide students with examples of writing for different types of formats. The essay examples can be used in either formal or informal settings. For example, one could create an informal essay using the High School 2020 Essay Sample.When looking to create essays for college or a high school career course, the strategies used by this sample are very similar to what is found in college and high school courses. Students should not fear writing because they will find that the topics are really easy to research. Many people read school and college essays for the style and mechanics, but no one reads them for the substance, so they should be able to relate.One of the most important elements of an essay is the information that is provided to the reader. Students should be able to show why they believe something to be true or why they should accept a thesis statement at face value. Students should also be able to demonstrate that they are able to make their arguments convincing and appealing.High School 202 0 Essay Samples are a great resource for students who are eager to write their first college or high school essay. The ability to look at previous essays will allow the student to see if their writing style is what is needed for the future. All the information required to make a very strong, persuasive essay is included in these samples.

Helpful Strategies For Helping With Math Anxiety - 1162 Words

Helpful Strategies to Assist with Math Anxiety In the Information Capsule from Miami-Dade county different researchers have developed strategies that a teacher can use to reduce the effects of math anxiety in a student who may be suffering from the phobia. The result of the research has found that a teacher, practice has a strong influence on students’ math anxiety. One way a teacher can reduce math anxiety is to be knowledgeable in their content when comes to math and to always exude a positive attitude towards math. The teacher needs to have more training on the subject of math so they will not lack confidence when they are teaching their students. The recommendation is for teachers to attend workshops on research-based best practices†¦show more content†¦The researchers from the Information Capsule also recommend a teacher to not put their lowest performing students in any situations that may intimidate them. Take for instance when a student is called out to answer a question on the board in front of the entir e class. These students need to be given alternative ways to participate in the classroom until their confidence is high enough to publicly answer questions in the classroom. (edgov) Parents can also do a lot of things to reduce the occurrence of math anxiety in their children. A parent should never express negative attitudes about mathematics when their child is around. A child is known to model the behaviors that their parents continuously display around them. So before a parent can help their child they have to conquer their own fears when it comes to math. A parent should always have realistic expectations of their child and should never demean a child because they do not meet a parent’s unrealistically high expectation. When a parent shows encouragement towards their child research shows it to be a positive influence a child’s performance in math. The support of a parent can make a student believe in themselves more and as a result they will become for successful. Parents should also monitor their child’s math progression. They should review the textbooks, tests, and homework that their child is bringing in the home. Another

WIlliam Blake, a Visionary - 1107 Words

Blake was a man active of mind and body, changing occupations without a minute of repose in between. ‘Apocalyptic’ is a word that can be used in describing William Blake’s works, whether it be a poem, artwork, or story. Although, incredibly relevant in his own time, I believe that his work resonates even more strongly in today’s society. The following stanza comes from one of Blake’s most well renowned poems â€Å"Auguries of Innocence† one of the most prolific verses’ in history; To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a Wildflower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour Blake’s capability to produce confrontational poetry is outstanding, in the above verse alone the paradox’s used are exceptional.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nought can deform the human race, like to the armours iron brace†, this verse conveys Blake’s strong opinion and hatred of war. Blake lived through the French revolution and bloodshed was a common element of society, and assumed by society to be a way of life. Blake expresses his outlook on war, as the epitome of human failure, which will, inevitably destroy not only the armies or countries under attack but all of human civilisation. This is epitomised in the use of the word ‘deformed’ as it has strong negative connotations of how war has disabled the human race and will continue to do so until we’re so deformed as a race that we are no longer human. An idea which is still very prominent and strongly resonates today in an age where the ‘War on Terror’ continues to cripple modern civilisation. Throughout this poem, Blake has scattered pockets of philosophical ideas and wisdom. His poetry as a whole reflects on humanity. He describes an array of mannerisms, acts of cruelty, selfishness and descriptive comparisons, all the while keeping the poem flowing and rhyming superbly. The emotion he conveys to the reader is that of frustration and desperation, as he struggles for the reader to understand his ideology and outlook on society. A Robin Red breast in a Cage Puts all Heaven in a Rage. Blake’s use of intense imagery is embodied in his use of figurative language. Blake’s love and connection to nature and animals is reflected in theShow MoreRelatedEssay William Blake: Visionary Artist and Poet770 Words   |  4 Pages William Blake The sight of an angel made William Blake the most celebrated poet of his time, it influenced in his poems and painting, which it became gothic to people and made him a spiritual person. William Blake was born over his father hosiery shop at 28 Broad Street, Golden Square, London in Nov. 28,1757. His father was James Blake a hosier, and his mother Catherine Wright Armitage Blake. 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Mentorship Assessment and Student Essay - 5901 Words

Preparation for mentorship portfolio of learning. Introduction. Within this assignment I aim to demonstrate achievement of the five identified learning area and the ensuing ability to use these to act as an effective mentor and role model for nursing students within my clinical area. In order for me to show my capability in applying the theories to practice I am going to use the Gibb cycle of reflection as stated in beginning reflective practice (jasper 2003), I feel that this will help me further understand and enhance my knowledge and theory behind the clinical practice I currently undertake and how to keep improving this with each new student nurse I come to work with in the future. The concept of mentorship dates back to the†¦show more content†¦Following this meeting the student and I came up with a clear and concise plan as to what the student had to do to meet his required learning outcomes and had put things in place to ensure that these were reasonable and obtainable. 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Apple Capability and Core Competencies

Question: Discuss about the Apple Capability and Core Competencies. Answer: Introduction For a long period of time Apple has been the best worldwide in the manufacture of electronic devices. The production of quality products like iPhones, iMac, and iPod has always been the bottom line of the success (Meyer,2006). In 2008, the company clinched position 24 in the word-wide rank of the best companies with the best brand (Basu and Wright, 2008). The success of Apple company is as a result of its uniqueness and competency to understand the customer needs, change in taste and adjust accordingly keeping in mind to listen to clients and do as the clients request. These core competencies facilitated a great campaign for Apple hence making it gain a competitive edge in the global market. According to Sliber and Kearny (2009) core competencies are the driving force that make the company unique and most importantly gaining a larger market share than its competitors. One of the key competencies of Apple company is its ability to design software and electronic gadgets that are of top value. For instance, since Steve Jobs took the job at Apple as the Chief Executive Officer, apple started integrating robust technology in the design of Apple Product hence it started attracting customers who had initially stopped purchasing their products because then, innovation was minimal. For the past decade, Apple has released quite a batch of products that include, iPhones, iPod, iWatch, Apple television, iTunes, movies among other products. The products are built with n top notch features and colors that make customers to purchase their products (Lehman, Haslam, 2013, p.12). Evaluation of the company`s record reveals Apple is a financially stable company. According to the research of De Wit and Meyer (2010), since 2003 to 2008 the company has tripled its profit from $24 million to $3.5 billion. Therefore, with the suitable financial base Apple is able to pays its worker and research team reasonable wages and salaries for the great job they do to ensure the gadgets developed are of high quality. Another competency is that Apple has a strong and dynamic capability. Apple is always willing to adjust and be ahead of its market rivals. Especially the changes brought in by competitors Apple is the best company to outdo its rivals. For example, when the market rivals launch a new product, Apple immediately launches an advanced gadget within no time. Remember, when Dell launched its tablet in the market Apple launched its iPad 2. In another scenario, Samsung company launched Samsung S3 phone immediately Apple unleashed a powerful iPhone 5 just to prove to the competitors and the rest of the market that they are always the best innovators. Maybe another key competency that is overlooked is the range of products that Apple offers to its customers. The innovativeness in Apple is incredible and I think no other company can compete with apple in terms of products. Take an example of Nokia company, their android phones require the user to create their own backup but for the case of Apple`s iPhones the iCloud is their backup. These are some of the comparisons that justify Apple as a competent company and is likely to maintain in performance because its naturally responsive and sensitive to the dynamics existing in the industry. Apple has robustness in ensuring their business secret is not concealed to their competitors. In this case, Apple has deployed a closed proprietary system that ensures the techniques and secrets of their innovations are withheld by the company only. As a result, this makes other rival in the market to be unable to make duplicates or counterfeit gadgets to cause confusion in the market. On the other end of the spectrum, Apple is a company that has consistency in their product portfolio development. Usually, Apple releases one product at a time so that they avoid losing. Those companies that tend to diversify too much in their line of production there are high chances of losing their competitive edge. Notably, the organization structure of this company is vibrant. The organization structure is contributing immensely to innovation and easy distribution of roles. A firm`s organizational structure creates room for other opportunities hence business growth is realized. In Apple`s case, as much as their organizational structure adopts the old hierarchy, the structure is much flexible and gives support to other levels of leadership. Th success of Apple can be realized the results and the performance of Apple and its ability to suit the market and meet the customer demands. Cross-examination and analysis of the company portfolio, goals, and objectives reveals that Apple is incorporating other aspects other than technology to develop its competency. More especially, it is noted that the management thrives to combine technical forces and customer orientation to keep their reputation at the top level. The company CEO initiated a differentiated approach to manufacture their products hence, the volume of production went high so does the profitability. Above all, due to the company`s competency, customers have developed a habitual purchase behavior of their products. The customers have developed the notion in their mind that the products of Apple are of good quality hence they have created a unique taste that no other competitor can produce a product of the same kind. That is the reason why, even if the products of Apple are so expensive, consumers still dig deeper in their pocket to purchase the product. Just because they feel there is value out of what they purchase, the customers don`t mind engaging with the company again and again. How does Competition Impact on the Apple and its Ability to Serve itsMarkets? To a great extent, Apple does not face tough competition from the market rival because it is always informed in terms of technology and innovation, However, the little competition that comes from companies like Dell, in the line of computer manufacture, Nokia and Samsung in the line of phone manufacturing have always behind Apple in terms of innovation. Therefore, it is difficult for them to take the huddle from Apple. Apple has always differentiated itself from the market rivals. In the production process of Apple, Apple manufactures differentiated products that allows them to create premium products that attract premium prices for people of social class over the globe. Apple enjoys high profits than competitors that means although their products are sold at a premium price, hence, the customer perceives the value of the products as the most important. Consider Potential CustomerMarkets-that the OrganizationMay Try and Serve? Apple understands its audience by producing iPhones with feature that suite the Social class individuals. Studies have shown that social class people are extravagant such that they go for products that are expensive and can only be afforded by few people. Thus, the marketers of Apple company target such an audience. For example, people use Apple iPhones because they have high security features and they have large memory and RAM. Apple company has done a one-to-one relationship with their target audience and they use their customers to brand the name by offering incredible and high value iPhones. What are the Likely Impacts of the External Environment Effective marketing incorporates micro and macro environmental factors. The concepts are relevant to marketing when applied in the right manner and can contribute positively to the performance of the business. Therefore, even other small companies should learn to keep into considerations to keep the performance at the top. For the case, of Apple there are quite a number of external forces that we can say have contributed to its performance and those others that are restraining the company. External factors are known to affect the business from the outside environment such that the business has little control over them. There are a couple of factors in external environment that influence decision of not only Apple but also other companies. The factors include demographic change, government regulation, trade barriers and other tribunals. Therefore, in all the decisions made by Apple management these factors have to be put into consideration. Political factors are the prevailing conditions that exist in the United States for the case of Apple. The political atmosphere should be friendly for apple to carry out its marketing mix segmentation and peacefully do advertisements without fear or lose of property (Giroux et.al. 2016). Of which the United States government as prostrated a stable political stand that encourages economic growth and development by combating wars, crimes, and ethnicity to create a conducive business environment for all the companies. Nonetheless, the government has also adjusted on political stability, deliberations on employment policies, taxation, and other regulations. Notably, US has trade agreement with many countries and trade unions which enable free trade between the countries and the border countries. Economic factors are the prevailing conditions that determine the value of money in the economy. Such economic factors can be exchange rates, taxation policies, the rate of inflation, the standards of living, and per capita income among other factors. The factors are important because Apple manufactures and targets middle class and high class individuals. For the company to experience high returns, the conditions should be favorable to motivate the customers to purchase the Apple`s products. Also, the exchange rates and value of currency play a major in the economy. A wide range of customers for Apple products come from international market (Communication strategies. n.d.) As a result, the trade regulations that have been implemented must be favorable to ensure the company continues to serve their clients with minimal or no interference and stringent restrictions. Social-cultural factors have influenced the performance of Apple. Factors like advancement in technology, change in lifestyle, living standards, and demographic factors have boosted the performance and their sales (Marengo Pasquali,2012). Most people are interested to move at the same pace technology is changing. Therefore, the young educated people, business men are the first targets of Apple. The target market is expected to develop demand for the gadgets manufactures by Apple. Hence, those countries within a population structure that has more youths is likely to be a suitable hub for Apple to invest. Besides environmental factors can circumvent the operation of Apple is they are not properly addressed. Every country has its own rules are regulations of conserving the environment. As pointed earlier on, Apple operates on an international market therefore, they have to adhere to the underpinned environments rules as specified by the particular country Apple is willing or already it has penetrated. If Apple is able to operate in any standards then it would be easy for them to operate in any region as long as there is a trade agreement with the trade union or respective country. Make Recommendations on how These Factors above will Impact on the OverallMarketing Strategy of the Organization As we know Apple is very responsive to changes in technology and a s a result they should continue to be unique and probably the company should keep on improving the value of the product by introducing an element of change to convince the client the company is innovative and is offering improvised products every time. In those countries that have legislations that allow compulsory recycling of products, Apple should ensure in such target markets produce recyclable products that are environmental friendly. Another example is that Legal factors requires Apple to operate under special rules and regulations just like consumers, health and safety laws which safeguard the well-being of individuals. As well, Apple should be observant of intellectual property and patent laws as pertains the requirements of a particular country. References Basu,R., Wright,J.N. (2008). Supply chain in emerging markets. Total Supply Chain Management, 164-180. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-8426-2.50015-0 Communication strategies. (n.d.). Marketing Communication Policies, 117-131. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-37323-0_7 DAMANPOUR,F. (1988). Innovation Type, Radicalness, and the Adoption Process. Communication Research, 15(5), 545-567. doi:10.1177/009365088015005003 De Wit. (2010). Law and Visual Arts. Law and policy review. doi:10.5349/lpr7 Dedication. (2006). Search Marketing Strategies, vi. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-6618-3.50002-8 Giroux,M., Pons,F., Maltese,L. (2016). Sustainability Marketing Strategies: How Self-Efficacy and Controllability Can Stimulate Pro-environmental Behaviors for Individuals. Celebrating Americas Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing?, 731-732. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_152 Giroux,M., Pons,F., Maltese,L. (2016). Sustainability Marketing Strategies: How Self-Efficacy and Controllability Can Stimulate Pro-environmental Behaviors for Individuals. Celebrating Americas Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing?, 731-732. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_152 Lehman,G., Haslam,C. (2013). Accounting for the Apple Inc business model: Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic and social consequences. Accounting Forum, 37(4), 245-248. doi:10.1016/j.accfor.2013.08.001 Marengo,L., Pasquali,C. (2012). How to Get What You Want When You Do Not Know What You Want: A Model of Incentives, Organizational Structure, and Learning. Organization Science, 23(5), 1298-1310. doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0705 Meyer,H.S. (2006). Apple Lounge. JAMA, 295(11), 1313. doi:10.1001/jama.295.11.1313-a

The Status of the Scarf Model within UAE Challenges and Benefits

Description of scarf model The SCARF model originates from the study of brain within the domain of social, cognitive and affective neuroscience. Social neuroscience involves the biological foundations of how human beings relate to each other and hence cover diverse areas such as morality, emotions, trust, stereotyping among others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Status of the Scarf Model within UAE: Challenges and Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, two themes emerge: the motivation driving social behavior is controlled by the principle of maximizing reward and minimizing threat; and several areas of social experience call upon the same brain networks to minimize threat or maximize rewards. As a result, the SCARF model is utilized in summarizing the dualistic themes within an arrangement which borders the universal basic factors that are competent of stimulating a menace or incentive reac tion in societal conditions. The SCARF (status, certainty, autonomy, relatedness, fairness) model consists of these five areas of human social experience. These domains appear interlinked but their individual input is most significant. Status involves the relative importance and seniority. In relation to others, humans embrace an image of status when conversing. According to Zink et al. (2008), this relative importance affects their mental process in many different ways. The main imperative aspect in this realm is the incentive circuitry that is stimulated when an individual’s intellect condition mounts while the dopamine altitude amplifies. Certainty is about the ability to predict the future. Any change creates uncertainty and generating a sense of certainty is rewarding. Autonomy being the view of plying over an individual’s atmosphere, it proffers a sense of direction above actions conveying in an impression of having substitutes. While an increase in autonomy feel s rewarding a reduction can create a strong threat response. Relatedness refers to a sense of safety with others or a feeling of friendship. It is the decision about whether others are included or excluded from a social group. Fairness is about fair exchanges among people. As asserted by Lieberman and Tabibnia and (2007), unjust interactions generate a robust threat reaction.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background of Higher Colleges of Technology with Al Ain Men’s College Al Ain Men’s college is a campus of the larger Higher Colleges of Technology established in 1988. With its humble operations in a temporary campus, the institution has grown into a huge campus with purpose built facilities and attractive gardens. The institution offers a range of courses including engineering technology, business and computer information science. As the name suggests, the college is for men alone with about 1000 students. In addition to academic activities, the students engage in other extra curriculum activates such as sporting, recreation, socializing and politicking. Therefore, the college has always attempted to create a positive relationship among students, employees and managers. However, there have been reported cases that reflect controversies and mismanagement within the Higher Colleges of Technology. In the fiscal 2005, the selection of Kamali to be the vice chancellor brought distress amongst workforce as regards to employment uncertainty initiating numerous resignations (Rizvi, 2005). Additionally, the structure espoused by this college has been intensely disparaged following the nullification of the merit payment plan consented upon by the management along with cut pay increments (Swan, 2010). In 2010, further case of indifference from the college senior managers towards employees were discovered when newly transferred teachers faced poor worki ng conditions (Swan, 2010). Moreover, the college management nullified payment agreements denying the employees their contractual-agreed increments causing fierce reactions from the staff (Swan, 2011). These and other issues have negatively affected the important social relationships between the institution managers, the staff and the students. Problem statement The social situation in Higher Colleges of Technology reflects the importance of understanding the neurological mechanism that governs the behavior of college stakeholders. The menace reaction is psychologically exhausting and dangerous to the efficiency of workforce of the entire institution. The effect of neural dynamism among the staff is visible in Al Ain Men’s College. For example, when an administrator prompts a menace reaction, the wits of the workforce become very inefficient. Nevertheless, if the administrators make the personnel and the college learners feel okay, offer them liberty to make pronouncements, u ndoubtedly converse their prospects to serve the entire college comparatively and prop up the efforts to fabricate excellent affiliation, it would prompt an incentive reaction.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Status of the Scarf Model within UAE: Challenges and Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the college directors comprehend the responsibility of status as an interior distress, they are competent of avoiding executive observations that generate counterproductive menace reactions amongst workforce members. When they work to create a perception of certainty through employee involvement in planning initiatives or by mapping an organization framework that promote this perception, they will certainly build confidence and dedicated teams. By sustaining self-sufficiency or presenting the shareholders with choices, they inflame a few difficulty reactions than obliging them to take directives. Dynamic alliance is contingent on healthy associations which call for compassion and confidence. The compassion and confidence sequentially bank on whether the workforce perceives to be an element of the directors’ societal cluster. Understanding the relatedness phenomenon will make the college leaders be able to find many ways to apply it such as when assigning teams of diverse people. In Al Ain Men’s College, the discernment of inequality might produce an atmosphere in which confidence and cooperation does not succeed. Thus, when directors share information in a suitable approach, they can keep workforce and students occupied and encouraged, even when cutting down the number of workforce. Normally, SCARF model will proffer a mode of bringing cognizance responsiveness to latently filled contacts and aid alert the institution heads to personnel central concerns. Literature review Most of the SCARF model literature has concentrated on the five domains and their importance to l eaders as well as the organization at large. These domains appear to be interlinked is some ways, but researchers have valued separate understanding. However, the most significant conclusion about SCARF model is that it is an easy way of remembering and acting upon the social triggers that generate the approach and avoid responses. According to Rock (2008), the most significant study on status as the first domain in SCARF model was conducted by Marmot. He ended the case that this realm is the most imperative determinant of individuals’ wellbeing and permanence, even when scheming for earnings and edification. Status involves the relative importance and seniority. In relation to others, humans embrace an image of status when conversing.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individuals’ intellect thinks in relation to position via circuits for dealing out statistics. An increase in status can be compared to a financial windfall. A reduction in status stemming from being excluded in an activity trigger the same regions of human brain as physical pain. Status can often go up when employees are given positive comments, especially public acknowledgement. However status is determined by the relative position one has in the community and what is valued in that community. Hawkins and Blakeslee (2004) experimented how the intellect purposes as a pattern-detection appliance that persistently strives to envisage the very close prospect. The intellect is fond of knowing the blueprints occurring after every twinkle and hence desires certainty so as to envisage. Any form of uncertainty may generate an error response and eventually diverting the attention away from the goal towards the error. The literature further suggests that the creation of certainty is rewarding and meeting expectations lead to an increase in dopamine levels. Reducing uncertainty is the role of leaders and can be achieved by letting all those involved to participate in planning and mapping out the organization structure. Certainty can be increased by making implicit concept more clear or stating clear objectives prior to a discussion. Autonomy being the discernment of brandishing over an individual’s atmosphere, it proffers a sense of direction over actions that raise an inkling of having substitutes (Rock, 2008). When the discernment of self-sufficiency is amplified, the sense is gratifying. On the other hand, a reduction is autonomy can create a strong threat response. Such a reduction may b required when working in a team though in a healthy culture the potential threat tends to be neutralized with an increase in the other domain especially certainty, status and relatedness. Rock (2008) has the opinion that an organization provided with significant au tonomy is at an advantage. Concerning relatedness, Rock (2008) supposes this realm as a driver of actions in various sorts of groups, from directorial silos to games team: individuals are logically fond of forming clusters where they acknowledge a sense of togetherness. The conclusion of whether an individual is a pal or an opponent occurs swiftly and distresses brain operations. In case protected societal relations are inexistent, the individual bodies produce a menace reaction. The domain of relatedness is closely associated with trust and people trust those who seem to be in the same group. Rock identifies one way to increase reward response as to find ways to increase connections between people. Tabibnia and Lieberman (2007) showed that fair exchanges are inherently rewarding and are independent of other factors. Inequitable interactions craft a brawny menace reaction and may occasionally embrace creation of the narrow-minded (a segment of the brain liable for passionate sensati on). Such a threat can be reduced by increasing transparency, communication and involvement. In addition, establishing clear expectation can also assist in ensuring the occurrence of fair exchanges. Research methods The research objective is to make out, in terms of appropriate literature, whether SCARF model can bring conscious awareness to all potentially fraught interactions in Higher Colleges of Technology within Al Ain Men’s College and recommend on the best practices that can promote social behaviors within the institute. Through the identification and review of the various central themes in previous researches, it is hoped that a picture of the most effective relationship between the college stakeholders will be derived. The review and examination of the theoretical global appropriate literature would offer a picture of the situation of the current affairs pertaining to social interactions and their effects in the running of Al Ain Men’s College. Apart from the university library, research engines such as Emerald, Google, published materials by reputed researchers and gurus in this field will be used. There would also be the identification of possible research topics in order to provide clarity in future over a period of longitudinal research to identify new themes and trends. Findings In Al Ain Men’s College, triumphant facilitators, instructors and coaches naturally utilize the SCARF model. This follows the fact that students are perceived to learn better in subjects which interests them. In this case, interest materializes as a state approach. Educating or training students who always feel collectively unwanted, detached, treated unjustly or threatened proves to be a mounting task. Educators in Al Ain Men’s College have thus created an encouraging learning atmosphere via particularly calling attention to how students improve (Phelps, 2006). This in turn boosts the students’ status senses. As observed from this insti tution, such a step is especially imperative if the students learn something new that might generate threat responses. On the other hand, instructors similarly offer awareness on various autonomies by initiating choices in the classrooms while generating certainty through a clear presentation of outlines on what is to be learnt. The major aspect in this case is that Al Ain Men’s College tutors, instructors and educators tend to give more significance to the state approach as a requisite learning state. More efforts are generated towards learning and much attention directed towards the maintenance of the state (Tabibnia Lieberman, 2007). Through administrative and private coaching, it emanates that all the five elements of SCARF have been increased in Al Ain Men’s College. However, to increase statuses, the college tutors and students ensure that habitual affirmative feedbacks, the realization of goals and concentration to the incremental perfection are realized. Certa inty in this college is increased via the identification of the essential goals and consequently minimizing the uncertainty innate in the maintenance of manifold focuses. It is apparent that when large goals are broken down into minute steps, they seem to enlarge certainty with respect to how the goals could be achieved. It was found that trying to find ways of taking actions at times when the ensuing challenges materialize to be insuperable might enlarge autonomy. When the associations with the coaches and tutors are strong, relatedness seem to increase (Rizvi, 2005). Fairness nonetheless was reduced when both students and college leaders viewed states of affairs from the other perceptions. The SCARF model has provided a scientifically healthy framework that Al Ain Men’s College uses to build self-awareness as well as responsiveness of students and college leaders among other leaders. Yet, some new Al Ain Men’s College leaders accidently impacted negatively the SCARF domains. For example, most of such leaders might have known the direction in which activities ought to be carried out but rather device several directions which yield negligible feedbacks. Hence, this affects the status of all the stakeholders, college leaders and the students’ status. This often occurs when the directors do not offer comprehensible expectations which in turn impacts on certainty (Swan, 2010). The level of autonomy is impacted by the level of micro-management whereas the maintenance of professional distance appears to impact on relatedness. When the parties involved are not all that transparent enough, they might impact on fairness. If the reverse is the case, both college leaders and students are triggered to work even much harder since they become inherently contented with the association itself. Recommendations Based on the study findings, it is clear that the SCARF model identifies the most inventive ways to motivate which might not merely be less expensi ve, but similarly sustainable and stronger. In fact, in a world where swift changes and mounting interconnectedness is experienced, organizations need to rapidly grow so as to improve the manner in which individuals and groups collectively work. To easily comprehend the real human social behavior drivers, institutions must become extra urgent within such an environment. This forms the basis of organizations that want to thrive in the currently competitive market environment. Therefore, the Al Ain Men’s College leaders need to adopt the SCARF model in order to be able to handle the threat responses which could in turn lower performance. Implications SCARF seems to have scores of implications with respect to the manner in which the organization is structured. This incorporates the systems of communications, the flow of information, the reward systems as well as the organization remunerations structures (Lieberman, 2007). Basically, Higher Colleges of Technology within Al Ain Me n’s College adopted the SCARF model to help individuals and groups in maximizing rewards and minimizing threats in their daily experience. To minimize threats, most students and college leaders seem to have become more conversant with the SCARF domains given that the model has helped them to reassess and mark experiences which could otherwise decrease their performance. In fact, the model assists in managing oneself. For instance, as applicable in brain studies, re-evaluation and classification are considered to be some of the verified cognitive tools and system used to reduce threat reactions (Hawkins Blakeslee, 2004). In Higher Colleges of Technology within Al Ain Men’s College, such techniques have proved to be very effectual in condensing the response threat in comparison to the process of attempting to repress the emotions. Recognizing the SCARF elements has further assisted the Al Ain Men’s College students and other staffs to comprehend issues like why o ne cannot clearly believe in situations when another person has assaulted their status rather than merely attempting to drive away the feelings. Besides, understanding the various elements of SCARF has permitted each student and every college leader to amicably devise ways of effectively motivating themselves. A clear illustration relates to the focusing of attention towards rising the students and college leaders’ autonomy sense during uncertainty occasions (Rock, 2008). For instance, centering on the ecstasy of performing anything they like provided they are unexpectedly out of class or work. The SCARF model aids in giving the reasons why coaching in this college persists to be very effectual as regards to the facilitation of change. It ideally identifies the manner in which each and every college delivery could be improved. Conclusion Whereas all the elements of SCARF tend to replicate the key brain networks, the model plays a decisive role appertaining to the collaboratio n and influence on others. Within the Al Ain Men’s College, comprehending these drivers seem to assist the organization, groups and individuals to efficiently function, reduce any conflict which might take place very easily between the public and boost the time span these groups take in the state approach. As regards to this college, the concept is considered to be tantamount to better performance. Thus, comprehending the elements of the SCARF model while unearthing tailored approaches to efficiently utilize such brain insights, may assist this college people in becoming trainers, facilitators, leaders, parents, instructors, administrators and tutors. The findings concerning the profound collective nature of human brain together with the significance of the SCARF model elements, has offered diminutive steps towards to correct direction. References Hawkins, J. Blakeslee, S. (2004). On Intelligence. New York, NY: Times Books. Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Social Cognitive Neuroscie nce: A Review of Core Processes. Annual Review of Psychology, vol.58, pp.259-289. Phelps, E. A. (2006). Emotion and cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala. Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 57, pp.27-53. Rizvi, M. (2005). 25 top officials quit HCT alleging mismanagement. Khaleej Times. Web. Rock, D. (2008). SCARF: a brain-based model for collaborating with and influencing others. Neuro-Leadership Journal, vol.8 (1), pp.1-9. Swan, M. (2010). Pay frozen and job losses loom as UAE universities feel the pinch. The National. Web. Swan, M. (2010). Teachers resign over college shake-ups. The National. Web. Swan, M. (2011). HCT puts lecturers’ salary rises on hold. The National. Web. Tabibnia, G., Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Fairness and cooperation are rewarding: evidence from social cognitive neuroscience. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.1118 (3), pp.90-101. Zink, C. F., Tong, Y., Chen, Q., Bassett, D. S., Stein, J. L., Meyer- Lindenberg A. (2008). Kn ow Your Place: Neural Processing of Social Hierarchy in Humans. Neuron, vol. 58 (5), pp.273-283. This report on The Status of the Scarf Model within UAE: Challenges and Benefits was written and submitted by user N1k0las to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Updated PC Industry Essay Example

Updated PC Industry Essay Example Updated PC Industry Paper Updated PC Industry Paper Since the emergence of PCs primarily as desktops in the ass and ass, the industry has seen reduce expansion innovation, in the form of laptops, notebooks, and net books. Growth was increased by lowered prices and expanding technology and the industry roared through the early sass. 2010 saw the arrival of the pad which gained significant ground for tablets which actually have been In the PC market since the ass. In 2011 came another category of laptops called ultra books which were ultra- thin, lightweight, and high-performance. It has yet to be seen how the market will shift again In coming years based on new Innovations as well as substitutes Like marathoner. So just how competitive has the PC industry been globally over the years? The total shipments (in millions) by PC manufactures from 2000 to 2011 have increased greatly. In 2000, we saw total shipments of PCs increase from 128. MM to 352. MM in 2011. That is a 174. 2% growth over that time span. Worldwide PC revenue has increased in that same period from $251 billion in 2000 to $329 billion in 2011. With the PC industry expected to grow as new innovations and products come along, the 201 5 estimate in global revenue for the industry is around $383 billion. On the reface, these numbers look very attractive and appealing to potential competitors. But, Its Important to take In account the costs the industry Incur and how revenue and volume growth have slowed down. The PC Industry Is very price competitive. Firms and manufactures are looking for ways to lower prices and lower costs while increasing volume growth. The industry has a very low average profitability. By 2011, the average PC manufactures net profit margin was 5%. For example, in 2009 Hips PC business was the lowest operating business segment in the entire company. Selling at an average price of $1323. 0 per Mac, Apple gained a profit of $370. 55 for every Mac sold. Compare that to the average selling price per PC for HP of $650 with a gained profit of only $52. Even though HP sold 5 times as many PC units as Apple in IQ of 2009, Apples price discipline proved to be superior to that of HP which has led to Apple becoming one of the most valued companies. The PC industry is very competitive and cutthroat. In Just the 21st century alone we have seen the market share leader change four times. Compact led the sass market until HP acquired the company In short time after. HP led the market share In 2002 at 16%. A back and forth fight occurred over the next couple of years between HP and Dell eventually leaving HP as king of the Hill. That is of course until the most recent years have seen ten reels AT Leno. I en essences Dates company NAS a 1 % market snare as AT 2 slightly better than HP. Dell and Acre account for the other two top PC vendors as these four companies combined to make up 53. % of the worldwide shipments in 2011. China became one of the largest and fastest growing PC markets in the world. The fact that Leno has a 35% share in this market can explain its increasing presence in the world market. The Leno market share leadership doesnt come as a surprise when one looks at the statistics for PCs in-use for the main regions of the world. The sass showed North America with a slig ht lead in units of PCs in-use with just fewer than 200 million. That quickly changed in 2008 through 2011 as Asia-Pacific became the outright leader in PC units. Estimations have the Asian Pacific region to use more than 800 million units by 2015. That is more than twice the next leading region. How attractive is the PC industry? Early Years An analysis of the PC industry requires the use of Michael Porters Five Forces model o help understand the profit potential of the PC industry and how firms can position themselves to gain and sustain competitive advantage. The rule of thumb is that that stronger the forces, the lower the industrys profit potential. This makes this industry less attractive. Lets take a look at the PC industrys early years related to the first force, Threat of Entry. Threat of Entry In the early years of the PC Industry, IBM was the dominant force. The threat of entry was low at this time. But, as the combination of Windows SO and the Intel microprocessor became the standard (Winter), the threat of entry increased attracted. Vims system was relatively open and easy for producers to copy. This was seen when the thousands of manufactures built their own PCs. Capital requirements to enter were low because of the standard model. Michael Dell formed Dell in the early ass out of his dorm room. The products were also not differentiated. There were relatively little exits barriers as well. In the early years when a company wasnt profitable, it had no problem dropping out of the market as seen with the thousands of manufactures funneling only to a handful. Finally, no dominate brands or players were established yet. IBM PC like clones controlled most of the market share in the ass. For these reasons there was a moderate threat of entry. The Power of Buyers The power of the buyer in early years was moderate to high. The sass brought more knowledgeable PC consumers including individual and group buyers. One of the main buyers are corporate buyers, or buyers buying for large companies. These consumers were very price sensitive meaning they were usually looking for good deals and the lowest price. These types of buyers plus large businesses, governments, and schools buy computers in large volumes which gave them a lot of rower to Darnel on prices. Selecting costs Ana Drain loyalty to Tells Like Apple were in the early stages of being established. Also direct sale to consumer from manufactures and the white box channel became popular and increased the power or the buyer. The Power of Suppliers Suppliers to the PC industry were either those that made products with many sources or those that made products with few sources. The latter type of suppliers, producers of microprocessors and operating systems, had a high bargaining power. The two chief firms that produced these products were Intel and Microsoft, especially. Intel commanded almost 80% of the PC CPU market share. In the early years, they had a lot to say on setting prices, costs, etc. Even with emerging competitors, Intel has remained the market leader in microprocessors with a recognizable brand, economies of scale, and state of the art technology. Like Intel, Microsoft has dominated the SO market. About 85-90% of all PCs ran on some version of Windows in the late 20th century. Both Intel and Microsofts dominating presence in the early years started with MOM, but quickly shifted to the Winter era of the ass. With thousands of manufactures using these two companies mainly, its easy to see why the bargaining power of these two suppliers is so high. Substitutes were few and their product was important to the input of the buyers product. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes in the PC industry during the early years was relatively low. PCs as desktops were innovative and monumental for their time. There was nothing else quite like it. The demand for the Internet, lower prices for products, and expanding capabilities for PCs all supported the fact that threats of substitutes for he PC industry was low. With this technology and innovation being relatively new, it isnt often that substitutes start being produced in the early years. Its when the market is in the mature stage that substitutes become popular. This is seen with Smartness and other SEC today. Though, the PC industry did adapt to changes by creating new products themselves such as the emergence of laptops. Rivalry Among Competing Firms With almost every industry comes intense and cutthroat competition. Especially in the early years, companies are Jockeying for strategic position and competition advantage. From the thousands of manufactures using the cloned IBM PC emerged a select few firms who went on to be the market leaders that found a winning formula. As we will see later though, that formula may not always be profitable in the long- run. The competition is cutthroat because of the slow growth, lowering of prices, and innovation of products from certain firms. Its the competition of price that especially makes the competition in this industry so intense. PC Analysis In ten Later stages As time went on, the industry seemed to be slowing down a little bit. The decade starting in the early sasss saw a slowing volume growth, which was followed by a slowing revenue growth. As mentioned in the case, the average selling prices (ASP) of the PCs declined by a compound annual rate of 8-10% per year from the early sasss through 2005 (page 5). Most of the companies in the industry had to reduce costs in other places, most of them turning to reduced R funding to combat the tougher times. To move further in the industries age, the ASP for the PC dropped 25% in a 3- year span from 2008-2009. Http:,/. NP. N. R. N. Satanist. Mom/chart/1766/global- PC- mind gusty-continues-downward rd-trend/ This downturn forced companies to start looking outside of the box for new and improved products that would drive revenues up and get consumers once again excited for portable computers. Right around the time of the economic downturn in 2009, lightweight mini notebooks were made. They made a huge first impression, as more than 40 million notebooks sold in 2009(peg. 5). However, these notebooks didnt lead the market for too long, as in 2010 the pad was released and dramatically reduced the sale of the mini notebooks. Threats of Outside Competition During the later stages of the PC industry, the outside competition has decreased dramatically. Many of the smaller companies that were trying to succeed in the early days realized they wouldnt be able to cut it, and that is why now you only have your handful of companies that are still on top of the industry. Leno, Dell, HP, and Acre accounted for over 50% of the shipments in 2011, showing that most of the market space Is already occupied Dye ten Log cogs. Apple only NAS roughly AT ten market shares as a PC manufacturer in 2011, showing how difficult in can be. Threat of Substitutes There are many threats that have popped up when looking in the later stages of the industry. Instead of only having online capabilities on a PC,you can now browse the web on your phone, Pad, or even small gaming systems. Anything can be used to search the web, therefore making for the number of substitutes to rise. If the price of one PC is too high for a consumer, there are multiple ways of which he can accomplish what he needs. Whether you need to take notes for a class or stream a movie, almost any smart device in todays world will have the capabilities. There is definitely a rivalry between the big PC producing firms. In this cutthroat environment, everyone is trying to come out with the magic formula that will increase efficiency, lower costs, and ultimately produce a better product for the consumer. The follow the leader system seems to be in place, as companies routinely copy the past successes and try to make small adjustments to make their product rare and hard to imitate. The Power of The Buyer The buyer continues to have much power when it comes to the PC industry. Consumers know what they want as well as what price they are willing to pay. As reviewed in the substitute part, consumers can find what they need almost nowhere, so in order for a company to be profitable in this industry, it must come out with innovative items at a reasonable price that consumers feel is fair. The competitive advantages that companies create verses others are the reasons as to those companies that succeed rather than fail. Firms Profitability in the PC Industry As seen in exhibit 5 below, the main operating measures seem to be varied between the different companies. Apples gross margins have increased from 21% to 41% during the period between 1997 and 2011. However, Dell and Hips gross margins have decreased during that same time. As apple grows, the other competitors seem to be falling behind. We believe this is because of the innovation that Apple has compared to the rest of the industry. The new ideas partnered with the following of the company allow for a great combination. The PC profits grow with apple because of the brand name along Walt ten complicatedly AT ten PC Witt toner apple evolves Tanat consumers nave. Example, everything that you do on you Apple PC can be synced with you phone. Apples Other Industries MPH Players In 2001, Apple had entered the MPH market by introducing the pod as part of their haft towards a digital hub strategy. The introduction of the pod set Apple on its explosive progression in the growth of the company. The pod separated itself from other MPH players due to its sleek and simple design and large storage. The first pod has the ability to store up to 1 ,OHO songs in your pocket while the competitors products only stored about an hour of music. The next year Apple introduced the second-generation pod which had an increased storage that could hold up to 4,000 songs. Over the next several years, Apple continued to introduce new designs and products to their pod family. By partnering their innovating pod products with their exclusive tunes library and App store they have been apple to control more than 70% of the U. S. MPH market. The market for Amps is a much more attractive market compared to the PC market due to the PCs cutthroat competition. Within the PC market, Apple is in competition with four large competitors which accounted for almost 54% of shipments worldwide. These four PC vendors are Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Leno, and Acre. They all have well-established positions in the market. When Apple entered the MPH market, no competitor had strong hold. Apple was able to preferential themselves with innovative products and strategies. By producing pod accessories, pod was able to sell $1 dollar in add-on products for every $3 dollars spent on an pod. Another feature that helped Apple emerge itself to the top of the MPH market was the compatibility with Windows along with its own ISO software. This compatibility helped launch the tunes Music Store which has over 10 billion songs sold as of 2010; completely changing the way music is purchased. Although the MPH market is not as competitive as the PC market, we see less total gross sales per year as other technology materializes. Smart Phone Along with entering the MPH market, Apple had entered the smart phone market in 2007 by launching the first phone. The industry for mobile phones at the time were dominated by short life cycle products with sophisticated technology that Apple had not experienced. Although the outlook to enter the mobile phone market seemed risky, Apple was able to revolutionize the entire phone market with a differentiated product. Steve Jobs was quoted saying in January of 2007 Every once in a while a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. Today, were introducing three revolutionary products of this class. The first one is a widespread pod with touch controls. The second is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a breakthrough Internet communications device. These are not three separate devices, this is one device, and we are calling it phone. In over five quarters, the original phone had over 6 million units sold with their exclusive network operator, AT. Apple would continue to develop and introduce new versions of their phone, along with changing agreements with network operators so that the phone could expand its market capacity. Four years after the first phone was launched, the reduce attributed to 44% of Apples total revenue. Parallel to the PC industry, competitors quickly gaunt on to ten revolutionary trends AT smart phones Ana software systems. Manufacturers such as Samsung, LEG, Motorola, and ETC all created their own operating systems and designed their own hardware giving them the opportunity to be considered by consumers. In 2012, the greatest threat to the Apple in the smart phone industry was developed by Google. This threat has become known as the Android platform, a platform that is open and free for other manufacturers to use. This gave Apple competitors a chance to compete with the Apples differentiated App Store. Manufacturers, such as ETC and Samsung, were able to develop phones that were very competitive and in some aspects superior to the phone all while using the Android platform. Http://commons. Wakefield. Org/wick/File:World-Wide-Smartened-Market-Share. Pang Above is a chart showing the trends of operating system market share worldwide from 2007 to 2011. In 2007, we can see the ISO market share start to increase as the phone was introduced. Recent trends have shown that the Android operating system is increasing in market share each year since Google has developed the platform. In Quarter 3 of 2011, the android platform has climbed to roughly 53% of the market. This is due the capabilities of open and free platform able to collaborate with smart phones manufactured by Apples competitors. Over the years, the intense competition within the smartened industry has led to lawsuits based on design and intellectual properties. Steve Jobs has become one of the most aggressive Coos in terms of legal action. He is quoted in saying l will spend every penny of Apples $40 billion in the bank, to right this wrong. Im going to destroy Android, because its a stolen product. Im willing to go to thermonuclear war on this. They are scared to death, because they know they are guilty. Tablet I en Tanta revolutionary product Apple Ana producer silence ten Macintosh Is Known as the pad. The pad was another Apple innovation that had uncertainty in market demand before its launch. In 2010, when apple released the pad, an entirely trivial market had emerged into one of the most demanded technological markets. The market is referred to as the tablet market, which was led by the pad. In the first week on the market, the pad sold over 450,000 units. In February 2012, over 55 million nits of pads had been sold. Similar to the PC industry, Apple had an early Jump on competitors, but it was only a matter of time before competitors would catch on. In late 2010, Android based tablets had been introduced to the market to compete with Apples pad. Three main threats to the pad are manufacturers using Googles Android, Amazon using an open Android version, and Microsoft-based tablets. Amazons tablet had been able to grab 14% of the market by quarter 4 in 2011. Competition in the tablet market in 2012, is similar to the cutthroat competition seen in the smartened and PC industries.

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Forum for Youth Investment Program Article

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Forum for Youth Investment Program - Article Example However, the perception of the potential outcome of such initiatives, as well as the prospect of having the projects realize the aforesaid interest needs to be validated. This interest remains best defined via the presentation of a possible avenue upon which the program may be evaluated. A possible path towards the realization of this interest anticipates the consideration of several critical principles. Such statutory guidelines offer an insight into the potential of the program in achieving the considered intent. Programs such as Forum for Youth Investment need to be vetted in order to be allowed to gauge the effectiveness of the initiatives on the ground. They need to express an ultimate potential or capacity of undertaking their principle agenda exponentially. This evaluation seeks to detail on this concern with the hope of presenting a reliable image of the potential of the Forum for Youth Investment. The evaluation hopes to be able to propose methods and measures that may allow for the reflection of the abilities accorded to the program This is deemed to be of essential merit to the initial developers that sought to use the program for the evaluation of their ideas (Yohalem & Wilson-Ahlstrom, 2009, 16). Additionally, the findings will be of benefit to the youths since they will offer useful information on the available vetting programs. Having the Forum for Youth Investment unevaluated allows for the reduction of its potential. The design will nest its focus on the principle structure of the program. This will espouse a top-down approach. The evaluation will consider the output of the program. This will form the base upon which to evaluate the adopted procedure and protocols. The evaluation will simply seek to identify the possibility of achieving the noted result from the adopted items of the check. The program has four levels of outcome.

Business Communication - Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Communication - Assignment 2 - Essay Example The process also tends to be highly emphasised on the exchange of thoughts among parties by verbal as well as non-verbal means that could be beneficial for the organisation to a large extent (Means, 2009). However, in practicing effective business communication strategies, businesses in the global context have often been observed as facing problems due to extensive influences of globalisation in terms of cross-cultural language barriers and distinctiveness. It has been observed in this regard that inadequate understanding among employees regarding the cross-cultural influences during their operations can further lead to various issues in terms of ethical concerns and misinterpretation of the communicated message. Inappropriate cross cultural training of employees can also influence poor performances, poor productivity, greater employee turnover and conflicts within the internal business environment of an organisation. Additionally, misinterpretation in business communication can be observed when the employees are unable to identify the organisational process thoroughly through which the objectives can be achieved (Genc, 2010). The influence of culture on consumer behaviour is found to gain greater attentiveness within the context of contemporary marketing and within disciplines related to consumer behaviour theories as well as practices in the national and in the global arenas. It has often been observed in this regard that consumer behaviour is principally emphasised on the decision making of individuals in the cultural as well as social contexts. According to Farhangmehr & Shoham (2004), the impact of culture is dynamic and its divergences provide an adverse effect on the decision making process of a particular business organisation. From another perspective, it can be stated that influence of culture hypothesises

Hindustan Motors Limited Analysis

Hindustan Motors Limited Analysis Hindustan Motors Limited is ancestor to all automobile manufacturing companies of India. It was established in 1942 before Indias independence. It was a flagship company of C.K. Birla group. Initially company had a small assembling plant at Port Okha, Gujarat. Main purpose was to reduce transportation cost because all parts were imported from foreign companies. Later it was shifted to Uttarpara, West Bengal due to cheaper raw materials and cheap labor cost. This later resulted in one of the most successful motor car of India the ambassador. Apart from the ambassador Hindustan Motors Limited has been active in production of various types of passenger cars, trucks and multi utility vehicle. Hindustan motors collaborated with Mitsubishi motors, Japan and introduce mid size premium segment cars such as Mitsubishi Lancer, Lancer select and Lancer Cedia. The company brought first sports utility vehicle to India which was Mitsubishi Pajero. Besides passenger cars (Ambassador, Grand, and Avigo), Multi Utility Vehicles (Trekker, Porter, and Pushpak) and the RTV, Hindustan Motors also manufactures passenger cars in the mid size premium segment (Mitsubishi Lancer, Lancer Select, and Lancer Cedia) and has brought in Sports Utility Vehicle (Mitsubishi Pajero) into the Indian market in collaboration with Mitsubishi Motors, Japan. Company made collaboration with General Motors and their joint venture produced Bedford trucks and Vauxhall motors during eighties and nineties. The partnership became 50-50 when General Motors bought Hindustan Motors plant at Halol, Gujarat in 1999. After almost seven decades Hindustan Motors is still actively contributing in countrys automobile market. Its manufacturing facilities are established in Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Hindustan Motors motto is quality, safety with environmental care. It has been providing total solutions for customer care. Executive Summary: C. K. Birla: He is the chairman of the Board of Hindustan Motors LTD. He has a vast experience of business as he has been a successful industrialist since decades. Along with the chairmans post he serves as an independent non executive director of Hindustan Motors LTD. Manoj Jha:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He is recently promoted as a Managing Director at Hindustan Motors LTD. He is an executive vice president of engineering division and member of the management board. He studied hi engineering from Ranchi University. Yogesh Goenka: He is a chief financial officer, compliance officer and company secretary. He did Bachelor of commerce as well as AICWA, ACS, MBM. OBJECTIVE OF THE COMPANY: Main objective of the company is to provide an automobile with comfort and safety. The company has collaboration with international companies such as general motors, Vauxhall motors and Mitsubishi motor suggests that company has always been thriving for technology. Still the company is looking for development and technological enhancement to overcome recent declining in its sell. According to the chairman of Hindustan Motors the company main objective is to increase the selling of their models by improving its managerial structure. The company is looking for new and affordable product which can boost up their selling. Main purpose of this project paper is to study about declining of their once most successful model the ambassador. The Product-à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   The ambassador The ambassador model was based on Morris Oxford model which was manufactured in Cowley by Morris motors. Initially Hindustan motors started the production of Land master in 1954 near Uttarpara plant Kolkata. This led to production of ambassador in 1957. Thus 1957 can be counted as e year when ambassador first came into existence. The ambassador was considered to be best suited to harsh Indian terrain thats why it became very popular. AT that time it was said if you want to have comfort have an ambassador. Till 1980s there were only two Indian cars available in Indian market: ambassador and padmini. Due to its comfort and ability to sustain heavy blows on harsh terrain ambassador captured almost 70% of the Indian automobile market. It is to be noted that ambassador was once called the limousine of India because all politicians, famous businessmen prefer to have ambassador. It was a status symbol because of its proud appearance. It is strange that till 2001 the ambassador remain popular in taxi segment because it was said that the ambassador has ability to sustain shock during motor accident better than any other car available at that time. The credit goes to the manufacturing department of ambassador because the chassis of ambassador was such rigid that it can bear heavy blow from front as well as from side and rear. Till 90s India was sellers market means customer had to wait for a long time to get the product. Take an example of BAJAJ scooter, during 80s the condition was if son wants a scooter than father should apply for that so that after a long time son can be able to drive it. Well it is an exaggeration but the conditions for automobile market were very bad especially for a new company to jump in because government had laid very harsh rules on foreign companys entry and imported material became very costly. This give ambassador a dominant position for a few decades with some extraordinary features as discussed above and the ambassador succeeded to maintain it for a long period. Decline-à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   The product is in decline during last decade and the sales are decreasing it is surprising for such once successful model. To find out the products recent condition PORTER model analysis and SWOT analysis have been carried out as shown below. PORTER model analysis:- Against new entrants such as Maruti Suzuki, Honda, Ford, Hyundai etc the company failed to compete and continued with their existing strategy. It has found that after the year of 2000 the product has been in decline the table below gives its detail. As shown in the table despite of increasing number of automobiles in India the selling of ambassador is continuously decreasing. The company failed to cop up with ongoing circumstances such as in case of suppliers it failed to judge the pace of the industry and it remained slow in comparison of others. The company remained stick to only one brand means they didnt have varieties of products. The ambassador was available with nearly the same features throughout its existence. While Maruti Suzuki which has become the largest car manufacturer of India implemented various products having various features which made the company growing in terms of profit and selling. Companys market share has been decreased due to internal rivalry among union and management. SWOT analysis: Strength: Ambassador was the first car produce by an Indian company. It became a huge success story as well. There was a time when ambassador was exported to the countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri lanka and Myanmar. It was exported to Middle East countries as well. Due to its long reign in India Company has a broad network of service centers. It consists of 115 strong dealers, 50 parts dealers and 60 additional exclusive parts dealers. In 2006 the company has invested huge amount to establish production capacity for its product part. As stated earlier the image of ambassador as a car is still strong in Indian customers mind as trustworthy vehicle in all terms. Weaknesses The model hasnt been changed much since its first appearance. A customer needs change with improvement in outer look as well as its performance. As far as performance is concerned the ambassador is OK if compared with the modern cars. In case of look, its not at all attractive or impressive for younger generation. The company came to manufacturing when government rules were tough for any outsiders. As stated earlier Indian market at that time was sellers market. Low volume high price is all that Hindustan motors gave to its customers. When the laws were made liberal and new companies jumped into Indian market the company didnt make considerable changes for manufacturing process which couldnt cop up with new demand. Ambassador is the most dominant among all products of Hindustan motors. However new customers want safety with fuel efficiency. Ambassador promises safety but it was not fuel efficient when compared to modern cars. The employees were not efficient due to union problems which were a result of improper human resource management. Though the company had made several tie ups but later on when required to obtain new technology it lacks global export markets. Opportunities The ambassador is still recognized as the most comfortable car. Old age people prefer to have ambassador than any other car due to its impressive record against accidents. The company can modify the same car and it can make it more fuel efficient to attract middle class. There are examples of such long reigning cars. Take an example of Volkswagen beetle which was introduce in early 40s and its production continued till the beginning of 21st century. Volkswagen has achieved this by continuously changing the design and internal features. Same is needed to be done in case of ambassador as well. Threats Employees are not motivated enough to their job faithfully. More and more new companies are coming to India as it is becoming a giant market for automobile industry. Every companys aim is to provide the most fuel efficient and trustworthy car. According to company ambassador has been designed and manufactured over the years in such a way that it is almost difficult to change its features. It is most important to see how company has implemented the marketing mix strategy to its product so that it is declining. 4 PS OF MARKETING: Product: Ambassador the first Indian car manufactured in India. The most successful car of Indian automobile history. Figure : Ambassador The ambassador has a powerful 5420 cc engine, heavy axles, hydraulic brakes and bigger suspensions. Before considering the ambassador first of all it is required to know what company should be looking for when they introduce their product. For whom it is manufacturing its product? How much benefit they are expecting? Which position going to be the best for their product? What is their product offering that others is not? When the ambassador was launched the company was fully aware that only rich people would be buying their product therefore they provided all facilities that were present at that time. Also ambassadors have been used by ministers as well so for them there were special models having security implements such as bullet proof glass. The company was fully aware of what it going to achieve because at that time there was no competition and the market was open to it. Price: Pricing is another important element of marketing mix. Pricing brings money back to the company and companys profit depends on it. Other three Ps depends on price; it is easy to understand that remaining P require cost. Product needs cost from early design to manufacture. Placing means distribution also needs cost. Promotion also requires cost. These costs are variable cost to the company. Pricing to be perfect must show supply and demand relationship. Pricing a product too high or too low cause loss to the company therefore it should lie in between. There are different factors which should be considered as shown below. Fixed and variable costs Competition Company objectives Proposed positioning strategies Target group and willingness to pay In case of ambassador Hindustan Motors has used Product Line Pricing i.e. For the same product the company has set different prices for different features. Place: Place strategies Place strategies include the ways of distribution by the manufacturer. The manufacturer should have a clear idea about the market. The manufacturer should be aware of the demand and accordingly it should provide the supply. These demand and supply should be balanced properly because in a condition where supply is less than demand, the customer dissatisfaction in acquiring the product results into loss for the company. In most conditions the customers starts favor other companies product though they are not as better. Therefore just because of improper supply the company lost its good will. There are mainly two kinds of placing strategies. The manufacture may go through any one of them depending upon which suits it the most. As shown in figure in one strategy there isnt direct contact between manufacturer and the customer in this case the company doesnt need to carry out surveys for demands all it needs to do is maintaining proper supply to the whole seller. However in this case the company may not come to know about what the customer wants and this leads to misinterpretation of customer need due to indirect contact having so many extra elements in between. This problem can be removed by maintaining direct contact of the company with its customer as shown in figure. In this case the manufacturer directly supplies its products to the customer. But this needs a wide distribution network by the company which is costly depending upon the size of the company. First channel of distribution is called indirect distribution and second channel of distribution is called direct distribution. indirect distributiondirect distribution Figure : Above indirect distribution (left) and direct distribution (right).   The ambassador has been distributed by indirect distribution method thats the reason why in later years the company fails to recognize the customers need. Depending on the type of product being distributed there are three common distribution strategies available: Distribution: According to the nature of the product there are few distribution strategies as shown below. Intensive distribution: As the name suggests this distribution is high in numbers and widely spread. It generally doesnt need the survey as the products are common and general. Example: chocolate, soft drinks, biscuit Exclusive distribution: Some products are there which need proper demonstration and guidance so that customer can be made fully aware of what he is paying for. These products are highly prices. Example: Cars, bikes etc. Selective distribution: This kind of distribution consists of wide space where customer has a freedom to have a look and select a product from wide varieties. Example: TV, computers etc. Hindustan motors have used exclusive distribution method over the year which is common for any car manufacturer. Promotion Promotion means advertising the product. A product without promotion is a complete failure as through the promotion the customer comes to know about the product. There are different promotion strategies as shown below. Advertisement: Advertisement can be said as a non personal promotion activity through media. Public relations: Good relations with the customers as well as media persons make the promotion easier as in this case company doesnt need to do anything. Sales promotion: Company can give vouchers or coupons to attract the customer. Discount scheme, free scheme are examples of sales promotion. Personal selling: Door to door selling or personal to personal selling comes under this category. Promotion of ambassador comes under the public relations as due to its image as a successful car the media and people has been promoting it over the years. The company has never or barely used advertisement or sales promotion. RECENT CONDITION: Company Sales during 2010 (million Rs.) Hindustan motors 5802.7 Maruti suzuki 296230.10 Swaraj Mazda 7167.60 Mahindra and Mahindra 186021.10 Table : Comparison of sales with other companies (Source: http://bseindia.com/bseplus/StockReach/AdvanceStockReach.aspx?scripcode=500500) It can be seen from the figures that at present the company is far behind from market leaders like Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: Critical analysis of this particular project requires thorough understanding of marketing mix strategy. To give personal views about anything first of all one should make himself familiar with the subject. Thats exactly what I did. Before starting the project I went through on line papers and explanation about the marketing mix strategy. I found that though everywhere the concept to be used was marketing mix but its implementation was different. Like All roads lead to Rome all of them were leading to the success of their company by successful implementation of marketing mix strategy. During the lectures I heard the tutors saying about getting into marketing mix by doing a practical experiment. It is obvious that they were not saying about establishing a new company of implementing a marketing mix strategy actually. Its about taking any company and than putting my own ideas about marketing mix strategy into motion. The same thing has been done by me during this assignment. I have sele cted a company the product of which is in decline since three or four years. I carried out analysis based on what was taught to me. Now I am going to give my personal opinion about marketing mix strategy and its implementation. In the beginning it is important about the value offered by the company to its customers. I have selected the oldest Indian automobile company named Hindustan motors. The product which I considered was ambassador car. The product has been successful until last two decades than it started declining due to the factors which I have discussed earlier. So what is value? In general the value can be defined as the ratio of function to the cost. Any company can increase the value of its product by increasing its function and decreasing its cost. Functions may vary accordingly such as it may be visual appearance, comfort, promising performance etc. It seems simple to increasing value by increasing function or by decreasing cost but actually it is the most important and complex feature for any manufacturing company to be succeeded. A customer always judge the product by the value offered from it. Sometimes it may be more functions sometimes it may be less costs. The company should be therefore aware of what customer wants from its product. If company knows the value expected from the customer it tries to make some changes into the product in terms of functions or cost. This is not an easy task because the company has to make some changes in its manufacturing process and sometimes within the organization. One wrong step can lead to complete contradict out come and leads company to the loss. According to Devst the value creation process is more effective in manufacturing company than other sectors (Deyst, 2000). Other sectors include service sectors such as an airline company, insurance company where the company provides service instead of the product. It appears that these service sectors change their goal and direction more rapidly than the manufacturing sectors. Therefore value creation process is not as important for them as it is for manufacturing companies. For manufacturing companies final value of the product depends on value of the product during its manufacturing process. In other words according to Lean development of product and final value of the product are strongly related with each other (Lean, 1998). Thus the value should be defined after each phase of the product development process. However creation of value at each stage requires severe value addition to move ahead of the competitor. There are few who think that value creation process cant lead company towards its goal. According to Lloyd value creation doesnt indicate the vision of the company. Value is nothing rather than a conceptual idea. I dont agree with that because I have found during the research for this particular company that defining value is the most important factor to attain marketing lead. Hindustan Motors failed to attain value in terms of appearance and fuel efficiency of ambassador when other companies were launching new products into the market. This leads to decreasing sales of ambassador. The company didnt make proper market research and they continued to do the same over the past years. The outlook of the ambassador is the same as it was 40 years ago. The ration of function to cost became unstable due to decreasing functions of the car. In terms of price also the car was costly as company was making limited production and failed to grasp new concept of high volume production for low price and high profit. From my research of old papers and publications I found one thing in common. Most of the authors consider marketing as an art of selling. However now day marketing is becoming more than an art. It has become a necessity. Without marketing selling the product is impossible. Now days lots of companies are spending more and more money on marketing their product. The marketing value of the product is sometimes higher than the manufacturing and raw material value. It is strange that Hindustan Motors took the marketing strategy very lightly. According to me the main reason is when they came into existence they didnt have any competitors all they need to do is manufacturing and selling of the car. As I have stated earlier before 80s Indian automobile market was sellers market which means manufacturing companies have the command on the market not the customers. Having customers command on the market is essential otherwise the development stops. The same thing happened, ambassador remains the same car as it was when it was first introduced. Hindustan Motors didnt promote the car because as a single Indian car it was already famous. Distribution was not that much difficult because car owners were few. The price of the ambassador was relatively high because those who needed the car didnt have another option. Also the government rules on importing the components were harsh and company was paying high prices for them. It seems obvious what the company did during those years. But when the scenario changed during 90s the market became open to all the government rules became soft and lots of other car manufacturers jumped into the Indian automobile market. This was the time when the ambassador should have changed its strategies. However they didnt make considerable changes on the other side new companies like Maruti Suzuki got the nerve of an Indian customer and introduced cheapest car in the market. Due to this drastic change once giant Hindustan Motors has become a company in loss with one of its most successful car an ambassador in decline. FANTASTIC FOUR The four Ps of marketing which should be studied and understood in a proper way to attain success. During the project I came to know that balancing these four is not an easy task as it seems. Any cannot pick the product randomly, it cannot sell it in the price it wants, it cannot distribute the product whenever and wherever it decides and it has to promote its products such a way that customer attracts to buy it. I have considered all four Ps including my understanding about them, Product Pricing Placing Promotion Product: An initial P for any company to think about. It seems strange to consider which product to be made for marketing. As per my previous understanding marketing comes into picture after selection of product. This was true in old times. But now a days company should be keen towards the product it is going to manufacture. The market condition , market surveys future of the product, availability of the raw materials, environment effect of the raw materials are some of the important factors to be considered before the start of manufacturing the product. I think right product at right time removes half of the troubles for marketing. Take an example of ambassador; it arrives in the market when there were no competitors. As a result it dominated the market for decades. Due to proper timing and place Hindustan motors saved their expenses for promotion. They didnt promote it ever i.e. since my childhood I have never seen an advertisement of ambassador or huge posters promoting the car. A mbassador got promoted by its customers which is ideal for any product. Sometimes good product becomes a loss for the company when it launched at improper timing. There are so many examples of excellent movies which didnt succeed on the box office due to adverse conditions. Pricing: Pricing of the product is non variable factor for the company. The company decides the price of any product after considering other Ps. The expenses during the product stage i.e. manufacturing and raw material expenses. Expenses due to distribution and promotion also considered. The company adds its expected profit as well. Pricing is the most deciding factor because as I think many manufactures are not aware of the ideal price and the customers always think that they have paid more. This dissatisfaction leads to decreasing sales and loss of the company. I think that before pricing the product the company should make a proper survey and it should make the customers fully aware of what they are buying and how much they will get after paying the price. I have seen three kinds of customers, Those who care about price only Those who care about quality only Those who care about balancing the price and quality These customers are generally from three different classes, those who are looking for price are generally relatively poor, those who are looking for quality are rich and those who select the product after looking at price and quality are middle class people. Depending upon the nature of the product the company can make changes in its product. In case of ambassador the companys initial target was rich people because the middle class of India was not in a condition to buy a car. The company provides good quality with comparatively higher cost but it got the customers from India who was looking for the quality. When the era changed and middle class customers increased who now were in a condition to afford a car changed the situation of the market completely. Failing to see this upcoming Hindustan motors fell behind the Maruti Suzuki because of higher price. Placing: Placing according to me is a strong decider for the products success. A product should be distributed such that it gets perfect conditions for it. Ideal customers, ideal geography can be considered as conditions which the company should be looking for. I think that company should be clear and perfect about the product distribution. It involves lot of investment to carry the product from the manufacturing plant to the market. It is economically critical to change the place by distributing the product from one place to another. Thats why I think that for placing also the company needs proper survey in order to distribute the product at right place on right time. Promotion: Advertisement is becoming utmost necessity for selling of the product. Modern market is complex with so many products and companies. It is required therefore for any company to promote the product in a way that customers know about the features of the product. Promotion should be maximum and precise, or I can say it should be concentrated heavily on its target. The company should be aware of the targeted customers and market and should therefore emphasize heavily on them. If it is improper than company will be investing heavily in useless activities. Without promoting or improper promoting the product leads to heavy losses as can be seen in case of ambassador. When it was launched it didnt have any need of being promoted. As a first Indian automobile it was already famous so the company didnt have any need to promote it and company did the same as well. But when as I have discussed later the market changed there was immediate need of promoting to show the new customers wha t the car is and why it was so successful. The company failed to do so and product sell decreased. CONCLUSION: After making a project report on the declining ambassador car I can say that with changing time the company should focus on the ongoing conditions as well as it should be prepared of future. Same strategy wont work for all time in all kind of situations. Customers, environment and competitors change accordingly and company should be looking for continuous improvement rather than remain satisfied from the present. Ambassador is an excellent example of how once market leader can go into loss due to improper marketing strategy by the company.